Comprehensive evaluation of higher education systems using indicators: PCA and EWM methods

Abstract The higher education system refers to the organisational structure of institutions and staff infrastructure needed provide postsecondary education. To better develop a country or region’s system, administrators need have handle on current state which requires regular realistic assessments quality sustainability Thus, this study constructed quality-sustainability model (QSM) for national Nine countries with developed 13 indicators were selected reference globally. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used downgrade these extract factor coefficient score matrixes. Of these, four principal components further analysis. Each sub-indicator is assigned weights by entropy weighting method (EWM) obtain quantifiable QSM. innovatively includes such as “academic integrity” applied experimentally data from nine analyse strengths weaknesses their systems. found that each country’s has different strengths, comparing summarising them, findings can guide development future-oriented This made some recommendations based combining multidisciplinary theories. enriches existing methods assessing identifies directions in countries.